Anuradhapura (Hosted)

Anuradhapura, the cradle of Sri Lanka’s ancient civilization, served as the royal capital for over 100 kings from the 2nd century BC to 1073 AD. During its zenith, Anuradhapura was a thriving hub, housing thousands of monks across numerous monasteries. Today, it stands as Sri Lanka’s most significant cultural landmark, revered for its profound historical and religious importance.

Best Time: Year-round

Additional Information

Founded in the 4th century by the minister Anuradha, Anuradhapura rose to prominence as the capital of Sri Lanka two centuries later. This historic city blossomed into an extensive complex of monasteries, temples, buildings, and bathing pools, all interconnected by a sophisticated irrigation system inspired by Buddhist teachings introduced to Sri Lanka at that time. Today, the remarkably well-preserved ruins feature towering dagobas, which were among the largest man-made structures globally when first constructed, second only to the pyramids of Egypt. Noteworthy sites include the Mahavihara, the first monastery and seat of Theravada Buddhism, the Thuparamaya built by King Devanam Piyatissa in 250 BC, and the Ruwanwelisaya.

A highlight of Anuradhapura is the sacred ancient Bo tree, a branch of the original tree in Buddha Gaya under which Lord Buddha attained enlightenment. This sacred tree was brought to Sri Lanka in 288 BC by Princess Sangamitta, the daughter of Emperor Asoka of India.

Anuradhapura’s expansive ruins cover several kilometers and can be explored on foot or by bike. Red Dot recommends cycling to fully appreciate the grandeur of Anuradhapura. We offer a guided cycling tour led by a knowledgeable local guide well-versed in Buddhism and Sri Lanka’s ancient history. This tour covers the most awe-inspiring relics and concludes with a scenic picnic by a tranquil lake. The trails are mostly flat and suitable for all ages, making it an enjoyable experience for children as well.

For further information on Sri Lanka’s historic sites, please refer to our regional guide to the Cultural Triangle.